Tuesday, 11 March 2014

COLLABORATION IS THE KEY FOR CHILD SENSITIVE POLICIES AND DEVELOPMENT



CHILD RIGHTS SECTOR COLLABORATION KEY FOR CHILD FRIENDLY DEVELOPMENT

The Zimbabwe Child Rights Sector has launched its five year Advocacy strategy with more than hundred organisations participating in the compiling of strategy document under the auspices of the Zimbabwe National Council for the Welfare of Children.

The vision of the sector is summed up in the strategy as “Full enjoyment of rights and responsibilities by children as citizens of Zimbabwe.”  In support of this vision the sector has pledged to promote, protect and respect the rights of children as a coordinated and united body. The advocacy strategy has three major priorities they desire to fulfill by 2017 and these are;
·         Access to quality Health
·         Access to quality basic education
·         Child Protection, covering subthemes like child sexual abuse, child labour, detention of minors, child marriages and birth registration.

Commenting on the launch of the Advocacy Strategy, Mr Musa Chibwana the Development Manager at Zimbabwe National Council for the Welfare of Children said that “this advocacy strategy is coming with an objective of establishing collaboration and harmony in the child rights advocacy at a macro level as well as giving the sector direction on priority issues”. His comments come at the backdrop of mushrooming individualistic and illegal children’s homes, institutions and crèches threatening collaboration for the best interest of the child.

The growth of the child rights sector was mainly propelled by the need for extensive advocacy and lobbying against human rights abuses and policy blunders by the government that was prevalent at the wake of the new millennium in Zimbabwe. It is at this time that several advocacy organisations were birthed to give alternative care to children and also put pressure on the government to observe human rights. By the year 2000, the number of organisations representing children was huge and blooming ranging from community based to faith based national and international organisations. These organisations commendably worked in different thematic areas of child rights programming and trustee response was very high to the plight of the children in the country.

Despite the good work that has been done by the sector; prevailing socio-economic, cultural and political circumstances are presenting growing challenges to vulnerable children. It is also worrying that the sector’s response to these complex challenges has been lacking consensus on the priorities and some have even ignored binding government policies. In addition to divergent priorities the other tragedy that emerged was the lack of coordinated and effective macro advocacy with key stakeholders resulting in the latter being indifferent about the sector. This discord has been downplaying the African Committee on the Rights of the Child’s concluding Observations (1995); which stipulates the need for legislative and policy reforms that will benefit all children in Zimbabwe through collaborative effort.

The sector’s advocacy strategies must be therefore be harmonised in initiating and conducting research, budget tracking, establishing systematic learning and knowledge management platforms and strengthening the capacity of children as rights holders. The organisations in the sector should then create a body of evidence by collecting on the ground indicators on the conditions and state of children’s rights in their areas. It would be upon the ZNCWC as the mother body to have a national call for policy reforms or reversal on the child rights basing on the body of evidence and this will bring a child friendly development in the country.


Thursday, 6 March 2014

Register All Children promptly



BIRTH REGISTRATION SECURING YOUR CHILD’S FUTURE
When thieves broke into my house during the festive they stole my identity documents among other valuables they looted. No birth certificate; no passport,  I was officially not able to prove my existence or citizenship even my name.

I took it upon myself to get my documents from the Registrar’s office starting with my birth certificate.  At the registrar’s office I was already late to beat the queue at 630 in the morning because the queue was meandering and long. While we were waiting to be served we started sharing our birth registration issues that had brought us together. The problems were ranging from wrong spellings, missing certificates, torn and old birth certificates, new registration and registering children who were born out of the country. What really shocked me was that were two young men in their early twenties who did not have birth certificates. Chilling and pathetic were their testimonies of how they reached that age without any formal registration. We all wondered how these young men had lived all these years off the official record and what could have happened to to them if they had an accident or if ever they wanted to be formally employed, they already had failed to write their grade seven examination because they did not exist officially and it was their families that had denied them this right.

What is birth registration and why bothering yourself to register your child promptly one may ask? The UNICEF Report (2013) defines registration as the continuous, permanent and universal recording, within the civil registry, of the occurrence and characteristics of births in accordance with the legal requirements of a country. The Government of Zimbabwe enacted the Birth and Death Registration Act (5.02) as statutory instrument for the registration of all births (and deaths as well) in the country.  In the new constitution of Zimbabwe it has been enshrined that all Zimbabwean citizens are entitled to, among other things birth certificate and other identity documents issued by the state. In the process of registering the birth of a child a parent or guardian has to firstly notify through a hospital or through an informant to the Registrar’s officers which will register and issue a birth certificate within a week or two.

Despite the availability of these legal instruments and officials ready to serve, many children are not registered and do not have birth certificate throughout the country. UNICEF estimated that between 2010 and 2012, only 49 percent of the children under the age of five were registered and issued with birth certificates in Zimbabwe. In rural areas approximately 70 percent of the children are not registered while in the urban areas 43 percent are not registered. It is also estimated that nearly 230 million children under the age of five have never been registered worldwide.
Many parents or guardians who do not register their children always take for granted the importance of birth certificates. A child who does not have a birth certificate does not  legally exist. This lack of formal recognition by the state means that the child does not have a legal name, nationality or citizenship rights neither ;neither can their age can be ascertained.

The major hindrances in obtaining birth certificate are the bureaucracy at the registrar’s office, the rigorous systems, screening and vetting the parent the parent and the long distances that parents or guardians travel  to the registrar’s office. Parents in some cases overlook  or fail to understand the importance of a birth certificate and only rush when there is a pressing  need like when the child is about to go to school, writing an examination, or when there are inheritance squabbles.
  
Late registration fees imposed by the state may encourage parents to register their children early but the statistics prove that the state is imposing an unfair burden on families that find it difficult to register such as those living in resettlements, farms and remote rural areas which are poorly served by government services and cannot afford the fees no matter how now nominal it may be.
Registered children have a step ahead in securing their future as they will be recognised by the law hence their rights will be safeguarded. Without a  birth certificate the a child may be denied access to health and education, forced into early marriages or be pushed into the labour market or be detained as adults if they  are accused of a crime because no one can prove their age. These violations of the child rights can only be averted if there is a concerted effort to register children all the times.

Statistically it is important to register children because it tracks the entry and exit of a human being into the world and it will help in data gathering. This data will be necessary for development policies and programming in health, education, employment and industrial production. No proper planning by the government or local authority can be done without proper data from birth and death registration.

Birth registration is a right that will also ensure the fulfilment of other rights in the future life of the child. It is therefore upon the government to make possible the easy access of the registrar‘s offices for the families in isolated areas; to remove the late registration fees for such communities as resettlements, farms and rural areas. In this era of ICT there is need to invest in the acquiring of such technology especially mobile communication technologies to increase birth registration coverage and avoid congesting the district or central registry office which has been a cause the snail’s pace services at such offices.

Tuesday, 4 March 2014

No Child To Be Left Behind

TOKWE MUKOSI: NO CHILD SHOULD BE LEFT BEHIND
As we gathered in our council meeting to deliberate on several issues pertaining to the running of the church all deliberation came to a halt when  the Tokwe-Mukosi  donation we as a church had pledged to give. It was a personal call to give to the cause of the victims in the down steam of the dam who have now been relocated to the Chingwizi camp. Among other things I just posed to think about the children and some of the reports already circulating and I felt that no child should miss their destination because of this disaster.
Approximately 1000 children are not able to attend school because they are still to be relocated to permanent higher ground areas in Chivi. The ministry has pledged to build schools as soon as possible in fact the government has appealed for $20million from the international community to avert the situation in Tokwe-Mukosi. Several local international organisations and individuals have helped and pledged to help the people in this arid region of Masvingo which this year got a double of its usual rainfall forcing the porosity on wall of the dam.
The children of Tokwe Mukosi are unfortunate but they deserve a decent home, food , access to health, basic education and protection. The vulnerability of these children is very high firstly from the disaster they have escaped from, and secondly to be forgotten by the world and wallow in poverty and risk tracking to South Africa or engage in illicit businesses speciality considering their proximity to Ngundu business Centre and South Africa. When I was teacher at Rencho Mine (near  Tokwe Mukosi Dam) last decade we lost a number of school going children as they tracked down to South Africa and later came back to seek readmission at the school. The moral values at schools were changed because of the influence of such teenagers who saw no value in decency or education.
A disaster of this magnitude will leave children with a few options since they are equally vulnerable as their parents who have the primary duty to help them become what they have always dreamt of when they had houses to sleep in. Some will try to help their parents in ways that will be regrettably devastating and irreversibly detrimental to their health and future.
Should the people of this country wait for the international donor agencies to help with the $20 million, or should wait for the rich men and women do the donation. Have we ever thought how much does a child in the rural area need per day to survive? If the children in the camps during the liberation struggle were fed and taught by willing educated cadres what more of a free country.  Recently, Reverend Mashamba of Reformed Church in Zimbabwe travelled to Masvingo to hand over the donations made by individual congregants and the church council to the people of Tokwe Mukosi as a Church.

If the children of Tokwe Mukosi are remember their days when they have gone past this will they be able to remember certain names that may not have been published in the media but hat have made a personal commitment to help a single child to reach their destination and impact their communities. Several calls have been made on different platforms to donate but it is time to take a very long short and help at least one child to get to his or her dream. The criteria of choosing a child may differ but it is time to choose a child a secure their future. It does not need an NGO, rich man or a political figure to reach a child it takes one man or women’s heart with the little they have and sacrifice it for the life of a promising child. Notably most of the donations from the developed countries are from simple not very rich people but people burdened with the plight of a struggling soul like the children of Tokwe Mukosi. Zimbabweans are known for their large hearts and love even for foreigners what more for the relatives and friends in Masvingo. Some of them have the same totem or surname as yours and share so many in common should we let the pride associated with Zimbabwean resilience be drowned in the dam of despair. Let us arise and secure and protect our children’s future and have more friends for the Children in Tokwe -Mukosi  and let no child be left out.

Wednesday, 26 February 2014

fredrick rafomoyo: Child FriendlyBudgeting                           ...

fredrick rafomoyo: Child FriendlyBudgeting                           ...: Child Friendly Budgeting                                                                                 With the introduction of the n...

fredrick rafomoyo: Universal Periodic Review andChildren in Zimbabwe...

fredrick rafomoyo: Universal Periodic Review andChildren in Zimbabwe
...
: Universal Periodic Review and Children in Zimbabwe What is the Universal Periodic Review? The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a un...

fredrick rafomoyo: Zimbabwe Consider the BestInterest of Children One...

fredrick rafomoyo: Zimbabwe Consider the BestInterest of Children One...: Zimbabwe Consider the Best Interest of Children One of the greatest milestones that we as Zimbabweans pride ourselves in for the year 201...
Child Friendly Budgeting
                                                                               
With the introduction of the new constitution, much attention has been drawn to section 81 – children’s rights. Acknowledging children, who make up 45% of the Zimbabwe population (UNICEF, 2011), as a vulnerable demographic that requires the protection of the state is a pivotal moment in a step towards sustainable development in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe National Council for the Welfare of Children (ZNCWC) commends the government of Zimbabwe for coming to this realisation. The child rights sector subsequently hopes to envision social policy that is biased towards children.

The provisions of children’s rights in the constitution are the ideal state of children’s welfare that we want to see in Zimbabwe. Tools and other mechanisms are required in order to arrive at this end goal. One of these tools is national and council budget. A budget is considered child friendly if it enhances the welfare of children by allocating adequate financial resources to sectors of the economy that directly and indirectly affect the welfare of children.

With this said, it is important for government and council alike to adhere to the recommendations of the Abuja, Dakar and Maputo declarations that were ratified in the early 2000s. The Abuja declaration promises to allocate 15% of GDP to the health sector, the Dakar declaration promises to allocate 20% of GDP to education and finally the Maputo declaration promises to allocate 10% of GDP towards agricultural development and food security.

A trend analysis of the past five years reveals that in the recent three years education has received allocations well above the requirements of the Dakar declaration. However there has been a lag in health and food security that has been in the ranks below 10%.

There is also a difference between allocations and actual disbursements. It is important to ensure that the allocated finances be disbursed in full to the relevant ministries so as to ensure efficient service delivery for the realization of children’s rights. Hence it is our duty and responsibility as citizens of Zimbabwe to ensure that finances that are allocated are disbursed and are used solely for their intended purposes. It is also imperative to be diligent in tracking the use of these finances by analysing the performance of the budget through active participation in the budget process. This encourages a citizen’s budget that performs optimally and in transparency

Universal Periodic Review and Children in Zimbabwe


What is the Universal Periodic Review?
The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a unique process which involves a review of the human rights records of all 194 UN Member States once every four years. The UPR is a significant innovation of the Human Rights Council which is based on equal treatment for all countries. It provides an opportunity for all States to declare what actions they have taken to improve the human rights situations in their countries and to overcome challenges to the enjoyment of human rights. The UPR also includes a sharing of best human rights practices around the globe. 
Objectives of the UPR
          to address human rights violations,
          improve the human rights situation,
          encourage States to fulfill their human obligations and commitments,
          assess the positive developments and challenge,
          enhance the State's capacity,
          provide technical assistance and share best practices between stakeholders.
How are the reviews conducted?
Reviews take place through an interactive discussion between the State under review and other UN Member States. This takes place during a meeting of the UPR Working Group. During this discussion any UN Member State can pose questions, comments and/or make recommendations to the States under review. The troikas may group issues or questions to be shared with the State under review to ensure that the interactive dialogue takes place in a smooth and orderly manner. The duration of the review will be three hours for each country in the Working Group. 
Can non-governmental organizations (NGOs) participate in the UPR process?
NGOs can submit information which can be added to the “other stakeholders” report which is considered during the review. Information they provide can be referred to by any of the States taking part in the interactive discussion during the review at the Working Group meeting. NGOs can attend the UPR Working Group sessions and can make statements at the regular session of the Human Rights Council when the outcome of the State reviews are considered.
When was the first review of Zimbabwe?  
The review of Zimbabwe took place on 10 and 12 October 2011 in Geneva, at the 12th Session of the Universal Periodic Review by the United Nations Human Rights Concil. The second phase was in March 2012, when the country then either accept or reject the recommendations that had been set as under consideration.
Results of Zimbabwe’s UPR Review
A total of 177 recommendations for consideration by Zimbabwe to improve its human rights situation came out of the UPR. The Government of Zimbabwe accepted 130 and rejected 47 of these recommendations.
List of Child related recommendations:
Ratification and domestication of human rights treaties
ü  Sign and ratify the Optional Protocols to the CRC on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography and on the involvement of children in armed conflict
ü  Ratify the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
ü  Ratify the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons especially Women and Children
ü  Take concrete measures to align Zimbabwe’s domestic laws, including customary laws, with international human rights instruments that are party to, to ensure harmonization with the protections guaranteed in the Constitution
General measures to implement human rights
ü  Intensify effort to implement national programmes that promote the rights of its people, including in the field of the rights of children and women as well as rights to education, health, adequate water and sanitation […]
ü  Undertake continued action including legislation to address the marginalization of women, children and other vulnerable groups from socio-economic and political spheres
Birth registration
ü  Undertake a review with a view to ensuring a coordinated system bridging gaps, especially with respect to the provision of birth certificates
Prohibition of torture, inhuman and degrading treatment
ü  Prohibit corporal punishment as a form of sentence as well as prohibit corporal punishment in all other settings
Orphans and vulnerable children
ü  Continue to work according to the National Action Plan II to focus on the situation of orphans and vulnerable children to ensure their access to health care and education
ü  Look into the matter of orphans caught up in the battle for property within the Anglican Church and ensure that orphans are being given experienced caretakers and have their basic rights covered
ü  Repriotitize resources to increase the budget for basic education, including the provision of additional tuition assistance to orphans and vulnerable children
ü  Continue free access to education, notably for girls and vulnerable children
Economic, social and cultural rights
ü  Continue with positive actions and programmes aimed at guaranteeing universal education and health services of quality to its people as well as those aimed at reducing poverty
ü  Concentrate more resources for the assurance of economic and social rights and for the implementation of Millenium Development Goals (MDG’s), in particular in the fields of education, healthcare and social security
ü  Continue to  take positive steps to enhance the enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights, especially in the areas of education, health and the care of the disabled
ü  Continue to invest heavily in education at all levels, invest more in rural development where the majority of women live, and seek technical assistance in the area of fighting disease
ü  Further reduce maternal and child mortality rates 
ü  Address the issue of school drop-out rates of children and examine related issues of child malnutrition
ü  Implement school meals programmes and link them to local food production
Monitoring and Reporting
ü  Create a system to collect updated and disaggregated data on the situation of the rights of the child
Rejected Recommendations:
×         Set a higher age of criminal responsibility for children from 7 to 12 years  and take all necessary measures to establish a specialized juvenile justice system, where children are treated in accordance with the principles of  the best interest of the child
×         Amend expeditiously the Birth and Death Registration Act to ensure that all children born in Zimbabwe, regardless of their parents’ origin are issued with birth certificates
What happens if a State is not cooperating with the UPR?
The Human Rights Council will decide on the measures it would need to take in case of persistent non-cooperation by a State with the UPR.


For further information:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Periodic_Review.